{"id":32924,"date":"2018-10-01T18:26:53","date_gmt":"2018-10-01T15:26:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.propertyshark.com\/Real-Estate-Reports\/?p=32924"},"modified":"2025-04-10T14:33:53","modified_gmt":"2025-04-10T11:33:53","slug":"what-is-a-lien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.propertyshark.com\/Real-Estate-Reports\/2018\/10\/01\/what-is-a-lien\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is a Lien? Understanding Lien Types, Implications &#038; More"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em><strong>Editor\u2019s Note: This article was updated on July 13, 2023.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Liens are one of the oldest forms of legal rights dating back thousands of years. In the world of property ownership and financial transactions, a lien is a legal claim or encumbrance placed on an asset \u2014 typically a property \u2014 to secure a debt or obligation owed by the owner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_lien\"><\/span>What is a lien?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A lien is the legal claim a person or entity has on another person\u2019s property as collateral for debt or financial obligations. Liens function as a safeguard against unpaid debt for lenders, creditors and service providers by granting them an interest in the property. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If the debt is not paid off or is not paid within the agreed-upon timeframe, the lender has the right to take legal ownership of the property or force its sale to recover unpaid debt. Usually, liens are placed on real estate properties, but they can also be put on other types of assets, as well, like vehicles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_lien_on_property\"><\/span>What is a lien on property?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A property lien is a legal claim or encumbrance placed on a property to secure a debt or obligation. It gives the lienholder the right to seek repayment by forcing the sale of the property if the debt is not repaid. Property liens are the most common forms of liens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are two types of liens:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Consensual liens <\/strong>are liens that both the borrower and the creditor enter into willingly, such as a mortgage loan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Involuntary liens <\/strong>are liens that the creditor places on the borrower\u2019s property without the borrower\u2019s agreement. These are typically placed on real estate property for unpaid debt in order to recover the remaining financial interest. If the lien is not paid, the creditor has the right to take full ownership of the property \u2014 for example, in the case of foreclosures \u2014 or claim a partial interest and force the sale of the asset to recover the remaining debt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_lien_on_a_house\"><\/span>What is a lien on a house?\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A lien on a house is a legal claim on residential property \u2014 in this case, a single family detached home. A lien on a house can originate from mortgage loans; unpaid taxes; outstanding payments for contractors and building materials; or even debt from unpaid child and spousal support. If the lien is not paid in time, the lender or creditor can force the sale of the house to reclaim their loan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The most common type of lien on a house is a mortgage loan. This falls into the category of consensual liens because both the lender and the borrower \u2014 in this case, the owner of the house \u2014 willingly entered into the mortgage contract. If the homeowner defaults on the mortgage, the lender can initiate foreclosure proceedings to recover the debt. This will result in the property being taken over by the lender and put on lien sale, usually at a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.propertyshark.com\/mason\/NY\/New-York-City\/Auction-Results\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">public auction<\/a> held at the county courthouse. Then, if a property fails to sell at auction, it becomes a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.propertyshark.com\/mason\/NY\/New-York-City\/Reo-Bank-Owned\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">real estate owned (REO) property<\/a>. REO properties can usually be bought from REO agents or through an auction platform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_lien_sale\"><\/span>What is a lien sale?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A lien sale \u2014 also known as a fire sale \u2014 is the sale of the claim the creditor has on the property that was used as collateral for the unpaid loan. Certain investors and companies specialize in buying liens (such as mortgage liens), but, generally, a lien sale refers to the sale of the property that the lien is attached to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lien sales usually take the form of public auctions, usually at the county clerk\u2019s office or courthouse. Anyone can bid at a lien sale as long as they have the required security deposit on hand, should they win the auction. Then, the auction\u2019s winner has a specified legal timeframe in which to pay the remainder of the lien sale\u2019s price or they lose their interest in the property that the lien is attached to. In such cases, the new buyer may also lose the full or partial security deposit while the property goes back to the auction block.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_most_common_types_of_liens\"><\/span>What are the most common types of liens?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The most common types of liens are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mortgage liens<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Judgment liens<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tax liens<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mechanic\u2019s liens<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Building code violation liens<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Common charge liens<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Other, less-frequent types of liens include<strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Environmental liens<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Spousal <\/strong>or<strong> child support liens<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Municipal liens<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>State <\/strong>and <strong>federal tax liens<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>IRS estate tax liens<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_mortgage_lien\"><\/span>What is mortgage lien?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>More commonly referred to as lis pendens or pre-foreclosures, these are issued against properties that are delinquent on their mortgage payments and may face foreclosure. If mortgage-distressed properties are part of your investment rider, make sure to explore PropertyShark\u2019s dedicated section for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.propertyshark.com\/mason\/NY\/New-York-City\/Pre-Foreclosures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">NYC pre-foreclosures<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_judgment_lien\"><\/span>What is a judgment lien?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A judgment lien is a lien typically issued when the property owner loses a lawsuit and receives a judgment for monetary compensation. If the property owner is unwilling or unable to pay the monetary compensation in full, the winning party has the right to file a lien on the property to secure the owed amount. The monetary compensation is then usually recovered through a lien sale \u2014 a type of property sale that happens at public auctions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_tax_lien\"><\/span>What is a tax lien?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A tax lien is issued for unpaid property taxes by the appropriate government agencies and authorities and can result in the government selling the property to recoup outstanding taxes. These can include federal, state, municipal, IRS tax and IRS estate tax liens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_mechanics_lien\"><\/span>What is a mechanic\u2019s lien?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A mechanic\u2019s lien \u2014 also known as a contractor\u2019s lien \u2014 is a type of lien filed by contractors, subcontractors, material suppliers, and various service providers involved in construction, redevelopment, renovation, or maintenance projects for which they have not been paid or have not paid in full.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_building_code_violation_lien\"><\/span>What is a building code violation lien?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A building code violation lien is a lien placed on property when the owner fails to comply with local building codes and regulations. If a building code violation is determined by the local building department, the property owner receives notices of violations and often some form of penalty. Then, if they fail or refuse to rectify violations and pay any associated penalties, a building code violation lien is placed on the asset and may end up forcing a lien sale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_common_charge_lien\"><\/span>What is a common charge lien?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A common charge lien \u2014 also referred to as an HOA lien \u2014 is a lien filed against the property by the co-op, condo, or homeowners\u2019 association that the property is part of in order to recoup unpaid common charges or penalties issued for violating the association\u2019s rules. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Common charges are the expenses of operating and maintaining shared spaces and amenities, as well the building itself (in the case of co-ops and condos) and are charged to all members of the association.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_an_environmental_lien\"><\/span>What is an environmental lien?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>An environmental lien is a lien issued for environmental violations, hazardous waste disposal or various types of contaminations. If the responsible party fails to rectify the violation by cleaning up the contamination and\/or does not pay penalties issued for their violations, an environmental lien is placed on the property\/site.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_spousal_or_child_support_lien\"><\/span>What is a spousal or child support lien?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Spousal and child support liens are liens placed on the property of an owner who has failed to pay their court-mandated alimony or child support dues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_municipal_lien\"><\/span>What is a municipal lien?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A municipal lien is a lien placed on real estate property when the owner has failed to pay water and\/or sewage bills; municipal special assessment taxes, such as mosquito abatement taxes; and any other municipal bills and fees. Building code violation liens are another type of municipal liens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_state_tax_lien\"><\/span>What is a state tax lien?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A state tax lien is a lien placed on real estate property when the owner has failed to pay state taxes, such as income taxes, sales taxes or any other state-level taxes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_federal_tax_lien\"><\/span>What is a federal tax lien?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A federal tax lien is placed on real estate property when the owner has failed to pay federal taxes. Usually, federal tax liens are claimed by the IRS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_an_IRS_estate_tax_lien\"><\/span>What is an IRS estate tax lien?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>An IRS estate tax lien is placed on real estate property within the estate of a deceased person when federal estate taxes have not been paid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s important to understand that liens are against the property itself, not the owner of the property. As a result, if a buyer takes on a home with an unsatisfied lien, then the lien becomes the responsibility of the new owner. This is why it\u2019s crucial to thoroughly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.propertyshark.com\/Real-Estate-Reports\/2014\/10\/22\/property-liens-search-by-address\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">research and check for liens on a property<\/a> that you may be interested in buying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Do_I_Get_Rid_of_a_Lien\"><\/span>How Do I Get Rid of a Lien?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The easiest way to get rid of a lien is to pay the outstanding debt in full, as well as any penalties or fees associated with falling behind on payments or the issuance of the lien. Another way to get rid of a lien is to contest in court, should you feel that the lien is baseless.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs\"><\/span>FAQs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_most_common_type_of_lien\"><\/span>What is the most common type of lien?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The most common type of lien is a mortgage lien. A mortgage lien represents a legal claim on a property granted for the lender to secure their loan should the borrower fail to pay it. A mortgage lien is issued when the borrower secures financing from a lender in order to buy a home or any other kind of real estate property. Mortgage liens give the lender the right to foreclose on the property if the loan is not repaid according to the agreed-upon terms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_most_common_lien_on_real_estate\"><\/span>What is the most common lien on real estate?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The most common lien on real estate is the mortgage lien, which represents the lender\u2019s legal claim to the property should the borrower fail to repay the mortgage loan according to their contractual agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_different_types_of_liens\"><\/span>What are the different types of liens?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>There are many different types of liens, including: consensual or involuntary liens; mortgage liens; judgment liens; tax liens; mechanic\u2019s liens; agricultural liens; HOA liens; spousal and child support liens; estate tax liens; environmental liens; municipal liens; state tax liens; federal tax liens; and more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusions\"><\/span>Conclusions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the most common causes of delays in real estate transactions is the discovery and handling of liens: Recorded claims against a property will usually tie up the property in legal proceedings and make it difficult to sell and almost impossible to refinance. If a lien progresses to a lien sale, the former owners will not only lose that property, but will also see a significant decline in their credit score, as well as their future ability to secure a loan or secure one at an average rate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PropertyShark allows you to research liens on all New York properties. In fact, you can find all liens associated with a property in just one minute. Simply search for your target address, click the \u201cDocuments\u201d tab on the full property report and scroll down to the \u201cLiens\u201d section. This will show you an up-to-date record of all liens tied to the address, as well as their type, amount, expiration date and more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Disclaimer\"><\/span>Disclaimer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Information provided on this page is purely informational. It is not and should not be regarded as investment advice.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The simplest way to define what is a lien is that it&#8217;s a legal claim a person or entity has on another&#8217;s property as collateral for unpaid debt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":42440,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[796],"tags":[11172,11097,7],"class_list":["post-32924","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-how-to","tag-old-how-to","tag-real-estate-law","tag-residential-sales"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.4 (Yoast SEO v24.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Understanding What Is a Lien, Its Types &amp; More | PropertyShark<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The simplest way to define what is a lien is that it&#039;s a legal claim a person or entity has on another&#039;s property as collateral for unpaid debt.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.propertyshark.com\/Real-Estate-Reports\/2018\/10\/01\/what-is-a-lien\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What Is a Lien? Understanding Lien Types, Implications &amp; More\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The simplest way to define what is a lien is that it&#039;s a legal claim a person or entity has on another&#039;s property as collateral for unpaid debt.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.propertyshark.com\/Real-Estate-Reports\/2018\/10\/01\/what-is-a-lien\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PropertyShark Real Estate Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-10-01T15:26:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-04-10T11:33:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.propertyshark.com\/Real-Estate-Reports\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/98\/2023\/07\/3_What-is-a-Lien-Understanding-Lien-Types-Implications-More-.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1155\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"770\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Eliza Theiss\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Eliza Theiss\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Understanding What Is a Lien, Its Types & More | PropertyShark","description":"The simplest way to define what is a lien is that it's a legal claim a person or entity has on another's property as collateral for unpaid debt.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.propertyshark.com\/Real-Estate-Reports\/2018\/10\/01\/what-is-a-lien\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"What Is a Lien? 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Understanding Lien Types, Implications &#038; More"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.propertyshark.com\/Real-Estate-Reports\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.propertyshark.com\/Real-Estate-Reports\/","name":"PropertyShark Real Estate Blog","description":"Market Reports for Real Estate Writers","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.propertyshark.com\/Real-Estate-Reports\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.propertyshark.com\/Real-Estate-Reports\/#\/schema\/person\/de1353a5de72f96494054df3ecca7de4","name":"Eliza Theiss","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.propertyshark.com\/Real-Estate-Reports\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/96965f7dc4c1c5276e67c2727672b8636c299791a627dca31fda556cf0db9758?s=96&d=retro&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/96965f7dc4c1c5276e67c2727672b8636c299791a627dca31fda556cf0db9758?s=96&d=retro&r=g","caption":"Eliza Theiss"},"description":"Eliza Theiss is a senior writer reporting real estate trends in the US. Her work has been cited by CBS News, Curbed, The Los Angeles Times, and Forbes among others. With an academic background in journalism, Eliza has been covering real estate since 2012. Before joining PropertyShark, Eliza was an associate editor at Multi-Housing News and Commercial Property Executive. She has also contributed extensively to CommercialEdge. 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